Shear Behavior of Single Cast-in Anchors in Plastic Hinge Zones

This paper presents two shear tests of -in. diameter cast-in anchors embedded in the plastic hinge zone of reinforced concrete columns. Design codes, such as ACI 318-14, require special reinforcement for concrete anchors in concrete that could be substantially damaged during an earthquake. The test anchors in this study were equipped with the anchor reinforcement recommended and verified in the literature. The column specimens were subjected to quasi-static cyclic loading before the test anchors were loaded in shear. Steel fracture was achieved in both test anchors despite cracks and concrete spalling occurred to the concrete within the plastic hinge zones. Meanwhile, the measured anchor capacities were smaller than the code-specified capacity, especially for the anchors subjected to cyclic shear. Concrete cover spalling was found critical to the observed capacity reduction, which caused combined bending and shear action in the anchor bolts. Measures should be developed to mitigate such adverse impact. In addition, further studies are needed for post-installed anchors before practical applications.